Table 1. Identification of Enterococcus species with a biochemical keya devised by Manero and Blanch (1999)
Test or characteristic |
E. asini |
E. avium |
E. casseliflavus |
E. durans |
E. faecalis |
E. faecium |
E. gallinarum |
E. hirae |
E. malodoratus |
E. mundtii |
E. pseudoavium |
E. solitarius |
E. raffinosus |
E. cecorum |
E. dispar |
E. saccharolyticus |
E. sulfureus |
E. columbae |
E. flavescens |
Metabolism with: |
|||||||||||||||||||
N-Acetylglucosamine |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Adonitol |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Amygdalin |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
V |
+ |
l-Arabinose |
− |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
d-Arabitol |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
ND |
+ |
d |
− |
+ |
− |
V |
− |
l-Arabitol |
− |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Arbutin |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Cellobiose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Dextrin |
ND |
(+) |
+ |
ND |
+ |
V |
+ |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Dulcitol |
− |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
d |
− |
− |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Erythritol |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
d-Fructose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d-Fucose |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
l-Fucose |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
Galactose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Gluconate |
− |
(+) |
+ |
− |
(+) |
V |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
ND |
+ |
ND |
d |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
d-Glucose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
ND |
Glycerol |
− |
d |
V |
− |
+ |
d |
d |
d |
d |
d |
− |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Glycogen |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
d |
− |
− |
(−) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
Inulin |
− |
d |
(+) |
− |
− |
− |
d |
− |
d |
d |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
2-Ketogluconate |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
V |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
V |
+ |
+ |
+ |
(−) |
− |
5-Ketogluconate |
− |
V |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
− |
ND |
V |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
− |
Lactose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
(+) |
+ |
d-Lyxose |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
− |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Maltose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Mannitol |
− |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
d-Mannose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Melibiose |
− |
d |
+ |
d |
− |
(+) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
(−) |
+ |
+ |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
Melezitose |
− |
+ |
d |
− |
(+) |
− |
d |
− |
− |
d |
− |
+ |
+ |
d |
− |
+ |
+ |
(−) |
− |
Methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside |
(−) |
+ |
+ |
− |
(−) |
− |
+ |
− |
d |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Methyl-α-d-mannopyranoside |
− |
V |
V |
− |
(−) |
− |
(−) |
− |
+ |
(+) |
ND |
− |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
+ |
− |
− |
Methyl xyloside |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
− |
d-Raffinose |
− |
− |
d |
− |
− |
d |
+ |
+ |
d |
+ |
(+) |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Rhamnose |
+ |
+ |
(+) |
− |
v |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
ND |
ND |
− |
(−) |
+ |
Ribose |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
− |
Salicin |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Sorbitol |
− |
+ |
d |
− |
+ |
− |
d |
− |
d |
d |
+ |
d |
+ |
d |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
Sorbose |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
ND |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
− |
− |
Starch |
(+) |
− |
V |
d |
d |
d |
d |
(+) |
ND |
d |
− |
− |
V |
+ |
− |
ND |
ND |
+ |
− |
Sucrose |
− |
(+) |
+ |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d-Tagatose |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
(−) |
d |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
− |
ND |
ND |
− |
V |
− |
Trehalose |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d-Turanose |
− |
d |
V |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
(−) |
V |
− |
ND |
+ |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
(−) |
− |
l-Xylose |
− |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
(−) |
− |
V |
− |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
ND |
− |
d-Xylose |
+ |
d |
+ |
− |
V |
d |
+ |
− |
V |
+ |
ND |
− |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
Xylitol |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
ND |
− |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
− |
(−) |
− |
Growth at: |
|||||||||||||||||||
4°C |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
− |
+ |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
10°C |
V |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
(+) |
− |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
(−) |
45°C |
V |
+ |
(+) |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
ND |
(+) |
50°C |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
− |
V |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
pH 9.6 |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Growth in: |
|||||||||||||||||||
6.5% NaCl |
− |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
ND |
0.1% Methylene blue milk |
ND |
− |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
V |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
V |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.04% Tellurite |
ND |
− |
d |
− |
+ |
− |
d |
− |
− |
d |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
0.01% Tetrazolium |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Survival at 60°C for: |
|||||||||||||||||||
15 min |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
(+) |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
30 min |
+ |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
d |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
1 h |
ND |
(−) |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Gelatin liquefaction |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
H2S production |
ND |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
Alpha hemolysis |
ND |
+ |
+ |
V |
V |
d |
d |
d |
− |
− |
d |
− |
− |
d |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
Beta hemolysis |
ND |
− |
− |
V |
V |
d |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
d |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
− |
Lancefield group D |
+ |
+ |
+ |
(+) |
+ |
V |
+ |
V |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
Motility |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
ND |
+ |
Voges-Proskauer |
ND |
d |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
d |
+ |
d |
+ |
d |
d |
d |
d |
ND |
− |
ND |
+ |
+ |
Yellow pigment |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
Alkaline phosphatase |
− |
− |
ND |
− |
d |
(−) |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
Arginine dihydrolase |
− |
− |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
Catalase |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Esculin hydrolysis |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
α-Galactosidase |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
− |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
(+) |
d |
+ |
d |
d |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
β-Galactosidase |
− |
d |
+ |
d |
d |
+ |
+ |
(+) |
+ |
+ |
d |
− |
− |
d |
+ |
ND |
+ |
V |
+ |
β-Glucoronidase |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
d |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
− |
+ |
− |
ND |
− |
− |
− |
Hippurate hydrolysis |
+ |
d |
− |
V |
d |
d |
d |
d |
d |
− |
d |
d |
d |
d |
V |
− |
− |
− |
− |
Leucine arylamidase |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
Pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
− |
+ |
a+, 90% or more of the strains of isolates are positive; (+), 75 to 89% are positive; V, 26 to 74% are positive; (−), 11 to 25% are positive; −, 10 or less are positive; ND, no data;
From:
Manero, A. and. Blanch, A.R. (1999). Identification of Enterococcus spp. with a biochemical key. Applied Environmental Microbiology 65, 4425–4430.
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